“Flying through an eclipse, from a flying point of view, is just an ordinary job of work;” Or, How the Royal Canadian Air Force captured the total eclipse of the Sun of 24 January 1925 – and some extra stuff about that event, part 4

Feb 1, 2025

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By: Rénald Fortier

Ingenium – Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

A photograph taken by Flying Officer Arthur Lawrence Morfee a few moments after the point of totality of the total eclipse of the Sun of 24 January 1925. Anon., “The Standard’s Pictorial Page.” The Kingston Daily Standard, 27 January 1925, 8.

Welcome aboard this 4th and final part of our article on the total eclipse of the Sun of 24 January 1925, my reading friend, and profuse apologies for the deplorable quality of the photograph you saw a few thousand milliseconds ago.

You will of course remember that we left the people involved in that story, namely the 3 pilots of the Royal Canadian Air Force and the journalist Frederick Samuel Gilmore Griffin of the daily newspaper The Toronto Daily Star of… Toronto, Ontario, shortly after the emergency landing carried out by Flight Lieutenant Roy Stanley “Bill” Grandy.

Unaware of what had taken place, Flight Lieutenant George Eric Brookes and Flying Officer Arthur Lawrence Morfee, the aerial photographer in the rear seat of the aircraft, continued their southward journey. They eventually reached Yonge Street, an important North South throughfare which extended northwards from the heart of Toronto to well outside the city. From that point on, Brookes simply followed the traffic going south. Well, he presumably overtook the traffic going south.

Not quite 10 kilometres (5 or 6 miles) north of Toronto, Brookes began to climb in order to punch through the clouds and get as good a view of the eclipse as possible. Unlike what usually happened in such circumstances, the decrease in visibility was not gradual. Nay. One moment, Brookes could see the ground. The next, he just could not. The clouds over Toronto were certainly thicker than what he had expected.

Brookes continued to climb, eager to reach clear skies before the climax of the eclipse. With only a compass in the front seat to steer by, Brookes depended on Morfee to read what the other instruments were saying. The two men communicated via a speaking tube / voice tube.

Was the device in question a Gosport tube, you ask, my wingnutty reading friend? It might indeed have been a speaking tube of that type, but back to Brookes and Morfee.

Actually, why not let Brookes describe what happened next? Any objections? Good. With your permission, I shall not use the quotation format commonly used in this blog / bulletin / thingee. Any objections? Err, too bad so sad.

Beginning of quote.

Up to this time, we hadn’t had sight or sound of anything to indicate that an eclipse was heading in our direction, or we in its. We had struck a level at [2 750 or so metres] 9,000 feet, and the time, as near as I could tell, was between five and six minutes after nine, when the first phase of the phenomenon became apparent.

The light began to grow dim – just as you often see it done by electrical effects on the stage of a theatre. In about forty-five seconds, so far as I could judge, everything was in darkness. I could just faintly make out the outline of my compass, [45 or so centimetres] a foot and a half in front of my face. I couldn’t possibly distinguish any of the bearings on it.

This deep twilight effect, if you could call it that, lasted about a minute more or less, and then the light came on again, just as it had gone off, or perhaps a trifle more rapidly if anything.

Just as we were back in daylight once more, we came into a little semi-clear patch of cloud. It wasn’t absolutely clear – we saw, sort of through a film, a very, very faint streak of sun. Just a slender crescent, but glowing very clearly and distinctly. Really an impressive sight, if one had the time to study it properly.

Morfee had his camera in action by this time. That is, so far as I know. For the next half minute or so we got intermittent glimpses of the same streak of sun. Sometimes it was fairly clear, sometimes the clouds almost obscured it. Then we went into a heavy bank and lost it altogether.

I went on, heading due west. You can’t turn round in the clouds or you will lose yourself straight off. We tried to climb and got to [2 750 or so metres] 9,000 feet, that last [30 or so metres] 100 feet taking us a good five minutes to make. But the clouds were getting thicker, instead of thinner, as we went up.

By this time, of course, we knew that the show was over, and we decided there was nothing to do except to get back down. Five minutes after we came out of the clouds we were nosing for the ice of the bay, where we landed.

End of quote.

Incidentally, Brookes landed around 9:30 in the morning, 90 or so minutes after leaving Camp Borden Air Station.

And yes, Brookes and Morfee were in the midst of a mass of thick clouds when the eclipse reached its climax. Bummer…

Still, would you like to see (read?) what Morfee had to say about his experience? Any objections? Good. With your permission, I shall not use the quotation format commonly used in this blog / bulletin / thingee.

Beginning of quote.

The total eclipse took place when we were still in the cloud bank. Suddenly I saw the sun through a jagged hole in the great field of clouds. I was so excited that I involuntarily let out a shout to attract my pilot’s attention. Brookes at once turned the plane sharply around to the east, and as soon as I got around I started to shoot, with my back to the pilot behind whom I was seating. I put one foot and one knee on the seat, got the sun in the range of my view finder, and took my pictures in the direction of the rear of the plane.

The sun when I got my first view of it was a thin wisp of light, just like a fine crescent moon. There was this difference, that the horns of the crescent were prolonged in a trail of light that indicated the perimeter of the moon. I can’t say that I actually saw the lightless moon laying on the disk of the sun, but the trail of illumination at the end of the horns of the crescent made me sense its presence.

End of quote.

For Brookes, the flight was all in a day’s work: “Flying through an eclipse, from a flying point of view, is just an ordinary job of work. That’s all, except for one moment, when it turned dark, so dark that we couldn’t read our instruments.”

To quote the pilot, “It was a cold trip – jove! Yes, or course, we were well wrapped up in anticipation and didn’t suffer any absolute pain from the cold, but it was chilly, undeniably chilly.”

And yes, Morfee was able to take half a dozen photographs of some interest, and this despite the fact that, during the period of darkness, he could not see the viewfinder of his camera.

Having completed his mission, Brookes landed on the ice of Toronto Bay / Toronto Harbour, on Lake Ontario. Morfee immediately set out to have his photographs developed in the photographic laboratory he had set up in the building which housed The Toronto Daily Star, using material that he had brought from Ottawa a few days before the eclipse, and…

To answer the question which has yet to pop into your little noggin, Brookes did not land on the ice of Toronto Bay completely blind. Nay. The commanding officer at Camp Borden Air Station, Wing Commander Lloyd Samuel Breadner, had sent an officer to the site to make sure that the ice was thick enough to welcome an aircraft without cracking.

Indeed, the plan was for the Type 504s piloted by Brookes and Grandy to alight on the ice of the bay after the eclipse.

As we know by now, only Brookes’ aircraft landed on the ice of Toronto Bay. His machine was refueled at some point, on 24 January or later, yours truly cannot state, for the flight back to Camp Borden Air Station, using fuel brough to the site prior to the eclipse.

As you can see, the RCAF had planned this operation in some detail.

And yes, Brookes talked to journalists. You did, after all, see (read?) the long quote, err, quoted above. There was seemingly someone or someones from The Toronto Daily Star for example. By the looks of it, a journalist of The Daily Gleaner of Fredericton, New Brunswick, might, I repeat might, have been present at that impromptu press conference, and…

Yours truly recognises a hand poking through the ether. You have a question, my reading friend? What exactly happened to Grandy and Griffin, you ask? A splendid question.

Soon after takeoff, Grandy informed Griffin that, given the stiff wind blowing from the south, he would fly low, and this until the time came to climb above the clouds to see the eclipse. Even so, the two men knew very well that they were not making good time.

Although he was not unpleasantly cold, Griffin found it difficult to jot down an occasional note while juggling with his heavy gloves.

As was mentioned above, the flight initially went swimmingly. Thirty or so minutes after takeoff, however, as the aircraft flew near Newmarket, Ontario, the connecting rod which connected one of the pistons of the engine to the crankshaft broke and punched a hole through the thin wall of the cylinder. The Type 504’s engine stopped there and then.

His engine crippled in a really bad way, Grandy did not have much time to find a safe spot where he could attempt an emergency landing. His attempt to get as close as possible to Newmarket having failed, he had to make do with a small and humpy field surrounded by fences, with telephone wires on its south side, 6.5 or so kilometres (4 or so miles) North of Newmarket, on a farm owned by a certain A.B. Morning, a Canadian probably. All things considered, the landing went well.

This being said (typed?), Grandy and Griffin found themselves in a forlorn and, with the exception of a dark and silent house, seemingly uninhabited countryside.

A young lad who had seen the aircraft land soon reached the two men as they pondered their next move. They asked him if there was a telephone nearby. Yes, he said, at Edward Goodwin’s farm. A Canadian farmer I presume.

Grandy and Griffin, still wearing their bulky flying clothing, had to plough through heavy snow for nearly 1.6 or so kilometre (1 or so mile) before reaching the farmhouse in question.

Getting through to Camp Borden Air Station took some time. Grandy eventually got Breadner on the horn, however. The latter immediately ordered that a relief aircraft takeoff as quickly as possible. Even so, Griffin knew that he would not see the eclipse from high up.

Standing in the snow, located outside the zone of total darkness and faced with wall to wall clouds, Griffin experienced only a brief period of partial darkness. Yours truly cannot state with any degree of certainty that Grandy was with him at that moment.

You see, Grandy had gotten hold of a horse that he used to draw up his crippled machine close to a fence. He later made arrangements to have the Type 504 staked down so that it would not be damaged by the wind.

In the meantime, Griffin was able to get in touch with someone at The Toronto Daily Star and dictated a story over the phone. The journalist then boarded a sleigh driven by Goodwin so that he could rejoin Grandy.

The text dictated by Griffin appeared on the front page of the 24 January edition, at the level of the fold line. The flight made by Brookes and Morfee got the headline, however, which was utterly natural, but back to Grandy.

That pilot indicated to Griffin that a team from Camp Borden Air Station would have to take an engine, by train, all the way to the train station in Holland Landing. The engine would be put on a sleigh and taken to his Type 504. The team would then rig up a temporary shelter in which they would remove the dead engine and install the new one. Someone, Grandy himself perhaps, would pilot the Type 504 back to Camp Borden Air Station.

A Type 504 piloted by a Canadian officer, Flying Officer David Allen “Dave” Harding, arrived later in the morning. It had been an uncomfortable flight. You see, that pilot had left so quickly that all he had to cover his feet were ordinary boots and overshoes.

Harding informed Griffin that he would fly him to Toronto. With the same breath, he informed Grandy that he was to stay with his aircraft until the repair team got to it. Grandy would then fly the Type 504 back to Camp Borden Air Station.

Once Griffin got well ensconced in his seat, Harding got ready to take off. He knew only too well that his point of departure was a small and humpy field surrounded by fences, with telephone wires on its south side. He taxied to the extreme limit of the field, turned around and put the pedal to the metal. The strong wind which was still blowing from the South helped Harding to easily clear all obstacles in his way.

The Irish Canadian journalist Frederick Samuel Gilmore Griffin of The Toronto Daily Star, on the right, with Flying Officer David Allen Harding, after their landing on the ice of Toronto Bay, Toronto, Ontario. Griffin’s badger gauntlets were clearly visible, as were elements of the Gosport tube through which Flight Lieutenant Roy Stanley Grandy had communicated with him earlier in the day. Anon., “Stranded Airmen Saw Great Eclipse from North York.” The Toronto Star Weekly, 24 January 1925, 1.

The first 5 or so minutes of the flight gave Griffin quite the scare. You see, the Type 504 was violently tossed around by air currents. The remainder of the journey was uneventful, however. Harding safely landed on the ice of Toronto Bay. His machine was refueled at some point, on 24 January or later, yours truly cannot state, for the flight back to Camp Borden Air Station, using fuel brough to the site prior to the eclipse.

Brookes, Grandy and Morfee went on to have successful careers, as did Griffin. Brookes passed away in September 1982. He was almost 88 years old. Grandy passed away in April 1965, soon after celebrating his 71st birthday. Morfee passed away in March 1986. He was almost 89 years old. Griffin, finally, passed away in January 1946. He was not yet 57 years old.

So our story ends.

And now a brief message from this writer. Given that the 1st and 2nd days of February 2025 are respectively a Saturday and a Sunday, given also that the inveterate fribbler that I am likes to fribble more than a little, me thinks that this issue of our fantastic blog / bulletin / thingee should be the only one issued this weekend. Any objections, my reading friend? […] Objection denied.

See you next week.

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Two photographs of the television placed in William Bundy Still’s station wagon, Montréal, Québec. Still was on the left side of the right hand image. Arthur Prévost, “On peut maintenant voir la TV en auto.” Le Petit Journal, 20 March 1955, 40.

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An advertisement issued by Imperial Fruit Show Limited of London, England, to advertise the 1929 edition of the Imperial Fruit Show, held in Birmingham, England. Anon., “Imperial Fruit Show Limited.” Evening Despatch, 23 October 1929, 1.

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The English actress Mary Godwin biting into a Fameuse apple in her role of Miss Canada, at the Imperial Fruit Show held in Birmingham, England, October 1929. Anon., « Mademoiselle Canada. » Le Terroir, February 1930, cover page.

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The path followed by the Moon’s shadow during the total eclipse of the Sun of 24 January 1925. The map might have exaggerated the width of the zone of total darkness. Anon., “The Solar ‘Shadow Path’.” The Morning Leader, 6 December 1924, 15.

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Flying Officer Arthur Lawrence Morfee and the camera he used to photograph the total eclipse of the Sun of 24 January 1925. Anon., “How Eclipse Photos Were Made.” Victoria Daily Times, 31 January 1925, 12.

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A Versare 6-wheel gasoline-electric bus as seen in an advertisement issued by SKF Industries Incorporated of New York City, New York. Anon., “SKF Industries Incorporated.” Electric Railway Journal, 21 January 1928, between pages 10 and 11.

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A reasonably typical advertisement for the Man from Mars radio hat of American Merri-Lei Corporation of New York City, New York. Anon., “Craig Oil Company.” Southwest Wave, 9 June 1949, 2.

“An entire orchestra in a hat” – Victor Theodore Hoeflich, American Merri-Lei Corporation of New York City, New York, and the Man from Mars radio hat, part 2

A young American turning on… the radio hat worn by her boyfriend. Anon., “Tout un orchestre dans un chapeau mais la musique n’adoucit pas toujours les mœurs.” Regards, 9 September 1949, 14.

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Henry Joseph Piraux, a French electrical engineer employed by the Société anonyme Philips, with his electric dog, Salon international de la T.S.F., Paris, France. René Bruyez, “Le Salon international.” Lumière et Radio, 10 October 1929, 8.

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A pair of photographs linked to the vegetarian restaurant The Salad Man of Montréal, Québec. Louis Beaudoin, “Au restaurant ‘Salad Man’ – Honnie soit la viande!” Photo-Journal, 14 to 21 November 1959, 8.

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David Cameron Salter, chairperson of Marathon Electric Vehicles Incorporated of Saint-Léonard-de-Port-Maurice, Québec, with the Marathon C-300 he drove. Éric Hamovitch, “Marathon implante ‘l’électrique’ en douce.” Le Soleil, 19 July 1979, B 7.

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Louis Gyory, on the right, aboard a Marathon C-300 electric vehicle. Michael Shelton, “Seeds of post-gasoline era sown in Montreal – Electric vehicle makes its debut.” The Montreal Star, 27 August 1977, 25.

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A konjac plant before (1) and during its flowering stage. The flower and corm / bulbo-tuber / bulbotuber, which is edible once detoxified, are identified by the numbers 2 and 3. Henri Coupin, “Légumes japonais.” La Nature, 5 November 1904, 356.

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The advertisement “Le libre choix d’une carrière,” in English “Freedom of Vocation,” published by Canadair Limited of Montréal, Québec, as part of its 1954 Worth Defending advertising campaign. Anon, “Canadair Limited.” La Presse, 13 July 1954, 7.

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“Freedom of Worship,” one of the advertisements issued by Canadair Limited of Montréal, Québec, as part of its 1954 Worth Defending advertising campaign. Anon., “Canadair Limited.” The Vancouver Province, 5 January 1954, 5.

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A typical advertisement issued by Force Food Company which featured Sunny Jim and, in this case, his spouse. Anon., “Force Food Company.” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 23 September 1902, 3.

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A typical pod of beluga whales, Hudson Bay, near Churchill, Manitoba, July 1999. Ansgar Walk, via Wikipedia.

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The beluga whale, a white devil for many fishermen of the estuary and gulf of the St. Lawrence River. Marshall D. Yarrow. “The White Devils of Anticosti.” The Toronto Star Weekly, 24 November 1928, 11.

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The Franco Canadian physician / pilot Louis Cuisinier and one of the 45 or so kilogram (100 or so pounds) handmade aerial bombs with which he hoped to kill beluga whales. Anon., “La bombe qui tuera le marsouin.” La Presse, 5 August 1929, 11.

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The roadster of the Société anonyme des automobiles électriques, Concours des véhicules électriques, Paris, France. Charles Dantin, “Automobiles – Les Essais contrôlés de véhicules à traction électrique à accumulateurs (octobre 1924).” Le Génie civil, 27 December 1924, 589.

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The stand of the Compagnie parisienne des voitures électriques at the Exposition internationale de l’automobile, du cycle et des sports, Paris, France. Louis Antoine Jules Tony Kriéger was at its entrance. Anon., “Le Salon de l’automobile.” Le Monde Illustré, 19 December 1903, 551.

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Louis Antoine Jules Tony Kriéger, on the left, at the wheel of an Électrolette a few moments before the beginning of his journey between Paris and Chatellerault, France. Georges Prade was at his side. Georges Prade, “Les records électriques.” La Vie au Grand Air, 27 October 1901, 638.

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A typical hybrid vehicle of the Compagnie parisienne des voitures électriques of Paris, France. Lucien Fournier, “La voiture mixte Kriéger.” La Locomotion automobile, 7 July 1904, 422.

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Some ripe and not so ripe loganberries. Pajaro Valley Nursery, The Loganberry (Unknown location: Unknown publisher, circa 1895). No page number.

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Some ripe loganberries ready to be picked. Albert Maumené, “La Logan-Berry – Hybride de ronce et de framboisier.” La Nature, 30 July 1904, 141.

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Fred Magee. Anon., “Who’s Who in the Fishing World – Hon. Fred Magee.” The Canadian Fisherman, December 1920, 263.

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The Bendegó meteorite on display at the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, February 2011. Wikipedia.

“A stone fallen from the Moon… or elsewhere” – The Bendegó meteorite, part 2

The Bendegó meteorite being transported, bank of the Jacurici river, Province of Bahia, empire of Brazil, 1888. Stanislas Meunier, “La météorite de Bendego.” La Nature, 22 June 1889, 49.

“A stone fallen from the Moon… or elsewhere” – The Bendegó meteorite, part 1

An Institute for Aerospace Research staff member conducting an inspection on a Shuttle Remote Manipulator System, or Canadarm, around 2000. National Research Council Canada.

“It is only with the DAIS that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye” – A respectful look at a great Canadian aerospace invention, the Diffracto DAIS non destructive testing equipment, and a bit more, part 2

$A technician conducting the first corrosion detection trial, on a Boeing Model 727 test airframe, using a Diffracto DAIS-500 non destructive testing equipment, 1992. National Research Council Canada.$