Hawker Hurricane
Cover of Canadian Aviation magazine featuring the first Canadian-made Hawker Hurricane, February 1940. Source: Ingenium
The Hawker Hurricane gained fame for its role in defeating the German air force during the Battle of Britain in 1940. Robust and rugged, the Hurricane was a single-seat monoplane launched in 1935. It was an aircraft of technological firsts: it was the first Royal Air Force (RAF) monoplane to feature an enclosed canopy and retractable landing gear. The heavily-armed Hurricane was also fast and became the first RAF aircraft to fly over 485 km/h in level flight. Admired for its ability to operate in a variety of tough environments, the Hurricane was deployed in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Canada played an important role in wartime Hurricane production. More than 1,400 Hurricanes were built in Fort William, Ontario, between 1940 and 1943 under the supervision of Elizabeth “Elsie” MacGill, probably the first female aeronautical engineer in the world. Canadian pilots, fighting in both the RAF and the Royal Canadian Air Force, flew the aircraft in thousands of battle sorties.
The Canadian Car and Foundry factory in Fort William, Ontario, produced more than 1,400 Hurricanes under Elsie MacGill’s close supervision.
First Hawker Hurricane made by Canadian Car and Foundry Co. Ltd. Source: CAVM 17351
Elizabeth Muriel Gregory “Elsie” MacGill, chief engineer at the Canadian Car and Foundry Co. Ltd. Source: CAVM 16035
Larry Philpott and Arthur Bryant (Art) Wahlroth (right), posing with a Hawker Hurricane. Source: CAVM 27943
Hawker Hurricane built by Canadian Car and Foundry Co. Ltd, 1978. Source: CAVM 13237
Crowd surrounding the first Canadian-made Hawker Hurricane. Source: CAVM 17359
Author(s)
Ingenium – Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation
Ingenium represents a collaborative space where the past meets the future in a celebration of creativity, discovery, and human ingenuity.
Telling the stories of people who think differently and test the limits, Ingenium honours people and communities who have shaped history — and inspire the next generation.
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