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Mining and Metallurgy

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A small two-door grey electric vehicle parked on the street in front of a shop.

Collection Development

Lithium-Ion batteries in Canada: Documenting a technological revolution

Erich Weidenhammer

Curator, University of Toronto Scientific Instrument Collection

Asbestos in mineral form. The mineral is greenish and white in colour and there are visible strands of asbestos fibres.

Artifacts and asbestos: Managing hazards at Ingenium

Briana Ippolito

Ingenium – Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

When it comes to hazardous artifacts, we’re doing "asbestos" we can! Learn how the Conservation team for the Ingenium museums manages potentially dangerous objects.

The United States Air Force Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar cargo plane borrowed by Iron Ore Company of Canada Incorporated in 1951. Anon., “Fret aérien – L’opération Ungava – Le fret aérien accélère l’application d’un projet. » Interavia, December 1951, 672.

“In the interests of national security”: The role played by a United States Air Force Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar cargo plane in the development of the Knob Lake region’s iron ore deposits

Rénald Fortier

Ingenium – Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

Greetings, my reading friend, and grab a seat. I will be right with you. Creating a philosopher’s stone is no easy matter, especially when people keep interrupting. Just ask Nicolas Flamel, the Potterian one, not the real one who was a public writer, copyist and sworn bookseller. Not an alchemist. Once upon a time, in November 1949, several (5 or 6?) American steelmakers incorporated Iron Ore Company of Canada Incorporated (IOCC), an American firm in spite of its name. At the time, the

A close-up view of the latch of an old, wooden, graffiti-marked door.

Mining and Metallurgy

A door to the past: Inscriptions offer a glimpse into Canada’s mining history

Ingenium – Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

What can graffiti teach us about the past? A door that once stood inside an Ontario mine is covered in layers of inscriptions, detailing the thoughts of the miners who worked there.

A woman wearing purple gloves looks into a glass bottle of water that she is holding.

Mining and Metallurgy

Life on Mars? Billion-year-old water found near Timmins could offer glimpse into the past

Ingenium - Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

An ancient water sample is now part of the Ingenium collection, and is connected to the possibility of life on Mars.

Emergency war mining project, Bathurst, New Brunswick, 1943

Social Science & Culture

Digital Archives: The iron ore crisis in Bathurst, New Brunswick

Kristy von Moos

Ingenium - Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

In honour of Archives Awareness Week (April 2-8), Ingenium is highlighting a few gems taken from our digital collection. The captions displayed here are the original text. During the Second World War, iron was a vital commodity for ship building, as well as rails, guns, and munitions manufacturing. Raw ore was shipped from Little Bell Island, Newfoundland, among other mines, to Sydney, Nova Scotia, where it was made into steel. In September 1942, two ships waiting to be filled with ore were sunk

One of the Bell Model 47s ordered by Lindberg-Ryan Air Exploration Company, Incorporated during a pre-delivery test flight at the Bell Aircraft Corporation factory in Niagara Falls, New York. Lundberg is in the right hand seat. The similarities between the helicopter in this photo and the one in the ad you saw at the start of this article are quite striking. Anon., “The aviation news.” Aviation, March 1947, 61.

Hans Lundberg, Canada’s greatest mineral detective, Part 5

Rénald Fortier

Ingenium – Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

Greetings, patient reader, as we embark on the final chapter of this examination of the life of a truly original Canadian. Quite satisfied with the results of his 1946 expedition, Lundberg may have taken delivery of one, if not two specially equipped Bell Model 47s in 1947. He wanted to use these helicopters to conduct surveys in Canada, Mexico, the United States and Venezuela before too long. His son Sten was to accompany him on these expeditions. The information available does not allow us to

A Bell Model 47 used by Lundberg to test his equipment. This machine is the second commercially registered helicopter in the world. Anon. “Prospecting with helicopter and magnetics.” Science Illustrated, December 1946, 64.

Hans Lundberg, Canada’s greatest mineral detective, Part 4

Rénald Fortier

Ingenium – Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

As interesting as his ground-based geophysical work was, Hans Lundberg is better known as a pioneer of airborne geophysical exploration. His work in this field had seemingly begun in Sweden, in 1920-21, with captive balloons, then large kites and, perhaps, airplanes. Even before the end of the Second World War, Lundberg was predicting that aviation would play a significance role in geophysical exploration, once peace came back. At first, he thought that airplanes would be the main tool

Hans Lundberg examining a geophysical map. Norman Carlisle, “World’s greatest prospector … he finds treasures by the billion.” Popular Science, May 1964, 60.

Hans Lundberg, Canada’s greatest mineral detective, Part 3

Rénald Fortier

Ingenium – Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

Lundberg contributed the Allied defence effort during the Second World War. In 1942, working in secret with two Americans, he outlined new deposits of cryolite in Greenland. At the time, this mineral, a vital element in the production of aluminum, a highly strategic material produced in large quantity in Canada and elsewhere, could be mined in no other place on Earth. One of Lundberg’s most unusual contracts seemingly took place in the United States in the early 1930s, toward the end of

Hans Lundberg examining the magnetometer towed by a Beech Model 18 operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, Rockcliffe, Ontario, 12 September 1946. CASM, Spartan Air Services coll., negative no 35818.

Hans Lundberg, Canada’s greatest mineral detective, Part 2

Rénald Fortier

Ingenium – Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

Welcome back, my reading and slightly impatient friend. Let us pick up where we left off with a brief bio of the main character of this article, Hans Torkel Fredrik Lundberg, a gentleman born in Malmö, Sweden, on 22 July 1893. While in his teens, this adventurous lad flight tested a gilder made of bamboo and wrapping paper by jumping off a cliff overlooking the Baltic Sea. Some trees broke Lundberg’s fall, possibly saving his life. He got off with a broken collarbone. Around 1918, having

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