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Pierre Jeanniot with his famous “Black Box”. Source: Library and Archives Canada/ e011166702

Pierre Jeanniot and the Black Box

Library and Archives Canada

On November 29, 1963, a Trans-Canada Air Lines flight (today’s Air Canada) crashed four minutes after take-off about 32 km north of Montréal, near Ste-Thérèse-de-Blainville, claiming the lives of 118 people on board. After an extensive investigation and airline technicians’ best efforts, the cause of the crash could not be determined. In early 1964, Trans-Canada Air Lines maintenance division chief (and future president and CEOof the company) Pierre Jeanniot was asked to install a device

Dan Gibson in a canoe recording in Algonquin Park, Canada, with his Stereo Parabolic Microphone. Source: Library and Archives Canada/e011163804

Earth & Environment

The Dan Gibson Parabolic Microphone

Library and Archives Canada

Daniel Armstrong Gibson was born on January 19, 1922. He was a photographer, filmmaker and sound recordist who dedicated his life to capturing the sights and sounds of the wilderness. It was at Algonquin Park’s Camp Ahmek, where Gibson attended as a camper, and later as a staff member, that he fell in love with nature. Gibson began his career in photography in 1940, and then went on to filmmaking, eventually creating Dan Gibson Productions. While filmmaking, Gibson was routinely faced with the

Elsie Gregory MacGill, 1927. Source: Library and Archives Canada/a200745

Elizabeth Muriel “Elsie” Gregory MacGill: Pioneer, Innovator and Inspiration

Library and Archives Canada

In 1927, Elsie MacGill graduated from the University of Toronto, becoming the first woman in Canada to receive a degree in electrical engineering, and later became the world’s first female aircraft designer. In 1929, MacGill earned her master’s degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of Michigan, and was shortly thereafter afflicted with acute infantile myelitis, a form of polio. Determined to walk again, MacGill supported herself during her recovery by writing articles on

Collecting maple sap in Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, 1926. Source: Library and Archives Canada/e010860378

Maple Sap Spout

Library and Archives Canada

Today’s Canadian maple syrup producers use modern vacuum tapping systems to increase the amount of sap produced by maple trees, but as late as the 1960s, the majority of producers practiced what were essentially centuries-old techniques. Long before Europeans arrived, Aboriginal peoples in the regions of what are now Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes collected and boiled sap from maple trees. Sap was collected in bark containers using a hollow reed that was inserted into a diagonal cut in the

Sleeman and Steele’s Temperated Fermenting Tub, 1874 (Patent No. 2717). Source: Library and Archives Canada/e003245291

The Temperated Fermenting Tub, 1874

Library and Archives Canada

In 1851, John Sleeman, a brewer originally from Cornwall, England, started the Silver Creek Brewery in Guelph, Ontario, which became one of the most ambitious and successful breweries of the day. In 1859, at the age of 18, his son George became manager of the operation and eventually took over the brewery when his father retired in 1868. George Sleeman proved to be talented both in business and in the art of brewing. In 1874 George patented his “Temperated Fermenting Tub.” The tub was really two

The view from the Summit Lake Mill (Nakusp), B.C., in the 1910s

Rail Transportation

Donkeys and Snow Chutes at Summit Lake, B.C.

Arrow Lakes Historical Society

Summit Lake is located midway between Nakusp on the Upper Arrow Lake, and Rosebery on Slocan Lake, in the West Kootenay of southern British Columbia. In 1908, when George Robinson was building the Summit Lake Lumber Company mill there, conditions were ideal for the undertaking! There was flat land for a townsite and mill. The Nakusp and Slocan Railway ran along the lakeshore. The lake itself would transport logs to the mill. It was expected they would cut over one hundred million feet of

Orange Jull’s snow excavator. Source: Library and Archives Canada/a194326

Rail Transportation

Rotary Snowplough

Library and Archives Canada

It shouldn’t come as a surprise that the rotary snowplough is a Canadian invention. The spinning fan-like contraption, first used on the railroad, eventually inspired the modern snowblower. J.W. Elliot, from Toronto, Ontario, first conceived of a spinning snow shovel, which he patented in 1870. This shovel consisted of a rotary engine driving a wheel mounted on the front of a train. A steel collector on the tracks fed the snow to fan plates on the edge of the wheel, which threw the snow out of

View along the rail line, Fergus, Ontario, ca. 1886–1887. Source: Library and Archives Canada/e010865831

Panorama Camera

Library and Archives Canada

In 1888, Canadian photographer John R. Connon patented a panoramic camera—perhaps Canada’s most significant contribution to the field of photography. Although there were European patents for panoramic cameras from as early as 1843, most photographers continued to splice together multiple exposures to capture wide landscapes on film. Connon’s camera was mounted on a rotating platform and could capture images as wide as 360 degrees in a single exposure. Uniquely, Connon’s patent specified the use

Montreal Canadiens Jacques Plante showing off his goalie mask, the Louch Shield, during practice. Library and Archives Canada/Montreal Star fonds/e011161492

Sports & Gaming

Jacques Plante, 1929 - 1986

Library and Archives Canada

In November 1959, top Canadian goaltender, Jacques Plante, forever changed the game of hockey when he started wearing a face mask during National Hockey League games. Until then, goaltenders used little padding and no protective masks during regulation play. Plante, who played for the Montreal Canadiens, had been experimenting with different masks during practices and exhibition games to protect himself from pucks and sticks since the mid-1950s. But it wasn’t until November 1, 1959, during an

Rally Round the Flag

National Research Council Canada

Canada’s flag, with its vivid red bars and iconic maple leaf, is an international symbol of Canadian identity. But the ﬁrst models of our flag, flown in 1965, were failures. Outdoors, the colours faded quickly from red to orange, and the white cloth turned a dingy gray. Canada’s National Research Council was given the task of perfecting the Canadian flag and choosing the ideal colour from among 500 shades of red. Canadian flags were made from a single piece of nylon taffeta fabric without

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