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Canada's RADARSAT program has a long history, going back to experimenting with radar sensors onboard the Convair 580 aircraft, which is now in the collection of the Canada Aviation and Space Museum.

Intended to replace the Avro Canada CF-100, the CF-105 Arrow was a technical masterpiece at the forefront of aviation engineering during its time. The Canadian government believed, however, that the manned bomber threat was diminishing and that air defence could be better handled by unmanned BOMARC missiles. The contract was cancelled on February 20, 1959 while test flying was still in progress. By then five Arrows had flown. The government ordered all completed Arrows, related documentation