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Agriculture

Find out about innovations in farming and agriculture, food safety, and the science behind the foods we consume.

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Revolutionary cattle breeding that helped Alberta beef become a world leader

Revolutionary cattle breeding that helped Alberta beef become a world leader

University of Alberta

Roy Berg’s controversial cattle breeding research revolutionised Alberta’s beef industry. It was controversial because no one in 1955, was promoting cross-breeding beef cattle anywhere in the world. Berg knew beef production would dramatically increase with hybrid vigour and cross-breeding, and each generation thereafter would be stronger and more productive. Ten years later, he proved it, when his research at the University of Alberta eventually led to a 40% increase in cattle productivity

Alan Efetha and Community-Driven Research

Alan Efetha and Community-Driven Research

Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21

Alan Efetha grew up in a rural, agricultural area in Kenya. His father was a welder and a mechanic. Alan studied soil hydrology and crops in Canada (undergraduate and graduate degrees), and works for the Alberta provincial Department of Agriculture in irrigation-related issues. In the interview, he talks about Polish, Ukrainian and Russian farmers in Saskatchewan offering him work, and teaching him to drive a hydrostatic swather. In Fort Vermillion (where he experienced a strong sense of

A researcher examines wheat crops at the Canada Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa, ca 1920s. Source: Library and Archives Canada, PA-043198

Seed Plot Marker

Ingenium – Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation

Sometimes scientific inquiry depends on simple tools. For Charles Saunders, this oak seed-plot marker helped advance his research on Marquis wheat in the early twentieth century. Saunders was a meticulous cereals scientist at the Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa between 1903 and 1922. He used the 4-foot marker, with its 96 pointed dowels, to make neatly spaced rows of wheat and other crops. The result was a uniform research plot that allowed Saunders to closely examine the growing plants and

Charles E. Saunders, was a chemistry professor who graduated from the University of Toronto.

A pioneer in plant breeding

Algonquin college

Shawna O’Neill Algonquin College Journalism Program Sir Charles Edward Saunders is credited for breeding the most popular strain of wheat in Canada: Marquis Wheat. This early-ripening durable wheat allowed farmers to grow farther north, leading to Canada’s reputable hard spring wheat. Derived from a cross between two wheats: Hard Red Calcutta and Red Fife, the Marquis Wheat was meticulously crafted by Saunders after a couple years of research and growing. At the time, plant breeding was a

Margaret Newton devoted her life to eradicating wheat rust. She helped Canada’s economy by almost completely reducing revenue loss from the fungus.

Saving Canada’s wheat

Algonquin college

Molly Gatt Algonquin College Journalism Program In 1916, Canada had its worst season for wheat with 200 million dollars in loss from bad crops. The crops were infected with a wheat rust organism also known as a fungus, which made the grain unusable. That same year, Margaret Newton, in her second year of university, was part of the first team to study wheat rust. From then on Newton would devote 25 years of her life to pathology and studying rust spores to save Canada’s wheat. In 1922 Newton was

From farm to table, Dr. Oats’ life was a contribution towards Canadian agriculture

From farm to table, Dr. Oats’ life was a contribution towards Canadian agriculture

Algonquin college

Bryson Masse Algonquin College Journalism Program Dr. Vernon Burrows has a storied history in the agriculture field. He invented a type of oat known as “The Rice of the Prairies,” otherwise known as Cavena Nuda – a product that was not only nutritious and delicious, but also had the potential to change the world. The Cavena Nuda is bred to not have any hull or hair when it leaves the farmer’s field. As there is no need for milling, the environmental impact and costs are significantly reduced

Don't Bug Me

Western University

During the 1950s, Western University researcher, Tony Brown, provided the genetic basis of insect resistance to insecticides, and was the first to identify the chromosomal loci responsible for DDT resistance.

With Mite

Western University

During the 2000s, Western University’s Miodrag Grbić led an international consortium that sequenced the genome of the spider mite, which is one of the world’s most destructive agricultural pests, causing more than $1 billion in damage each year. This knowledge will allow for the development of non-pesticide control measures.

Collecting maple sap in Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, 1926. Source: Library and Archives Canada/e010860378

Maple Sap Spout

Library and Archives Canada

Today’s Canadian maple syrup producers use modern vacuum tapping systems to increase the amount of sap produced by maple trees, but as late as the 1960s, the majority of producers practiced what were essentially centuries-old techniques. Long before Europeans arrived, Aboriginal peoples in the regions of what are now Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes collected and boiled sap from maple trees. Sap was collected in bark containers using a hollow reed that was inserted into a diagonal cut in the

Sleeman and Steele’s Temperated Fermenting Tub, 1874 (Patent No. 2717). Source: Library and Archives Canada/e003245291

The Temperated Fermenting Tub, 1874

Library and Archives Canada

In 1851, John Sleeman, a brewer originally from Cornwall, England, started the Silver Creek Brewery in Guelph, Ontario, which became one of the most ambitious and successful breweries of the day. In 1859, at the age of 18, his son George became manager of the operation and eventually took over the brewery when his father retired in 1868. George Sleeman proved to be talented both in business and in the art of brewing. In 1874 George patented his “Temperated Fermenting Tub.” The tub was really two

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